Mumbai university question papers with solutions | Describe Stages in Research Process?

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M.com Part 1 (sem. 2)

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR BUSINESS

Q.10. Describe Stages in Research Process

ANS:

MEANING

Each and every researcher needs to follow appropriate research process for successful completion of his or her research project. A researcher who is conducting scientific research needs to follow a systematic process to study the research problem and to arrive at a conclusion. The scientific research process includes a sequence of various steps that needs to be followed while undertaking the research project. Every research problem is unique and it requires research work to be carried out accordingly. Following different steps to be followed in the research process.

I] Identifying and selection of research problem:

The most important step in the research process is to identify and select research problem, it is often said a well defined problem is half solved. High degree of intellectual work is needed to identify and define the research problem. A properly defined research problem will help researcher to collect reliable data to solve the research problem and in that case he will be in a better position to arrive at a suitable conclusion based on Analysis of data. Following are some of the Essentials of a good research problem

1. Researchable :

the identified research problem can be studied through collection and Analysis of data

2. Understandable :

The research problem should be understandable it should be well formulated and logically structured

3. Ethical :

The selected research problem should not harm the researcher respondents and Society. You should not create any embarrassment every of the stakeholder in the world in research process

4. Purposeful :

The research problem should be defined in such a way that after concluding this study it should be able to solve the situation.

5. Manageable :

the research problem should be manageable the researcher should take care that the problem should be within limits of his skills resources and time.

II] Review of literature:

Review of literature refers to study of available knowledge in respect of research problem. A researcher can study Various publications such as journals books research reports other published matter particularly the researcher should go to the similar research study that were conducted previously. Literature review is important because it is the duty of research to find out what study has been already done literature review will help the researcher to find out gaps in earlier study. On the basis of those gaps researcher can formulate his Research Design Literature review on both matic as well as methodological direction to the researcher.

III] Formulation of the hypothesis & Research Design

Once the researcher has clearly defined the research problem and has made in-depth literature review he needs to formulate Research Design for his study. The researcher also need to formulate hypothesis for his research. This is a tentative assumption made to test its logical and empirical consequences. The hypothesis should be formulated on the basis of index knowledge of the research problem. A well defined hypothesis will clearly identify the kind of data required by the researcher to conduct the study which will help him to create a suitable Research Design. Research Design is a systematic and logical plan prepared to conduct a research study we can call it as a blueprint for research study. The Research Design will include guidelines in respect of collection, measurement and analysis of data required for the research study.

IV] Sampling Design :

A researcher needs to collect Information for his study however it is not possible to collect information from each and every member of the universe hence he needs to select sample for data collection. The research needs to select an appropriate sampling method which is suitable for the study. The selected sample must be representative of the universe. Its size must be flexible and sufficient enough to provide required information which can be analysed and used to test the hypothesis.

V] Designing Questionnaire :

The researcher needs to collect primary data for his study. He cannot rely only on secondary data. Primary data can be collected through various sources however the most commonly used is Questionnaire. Questionnaire is a list of questions that will be asked by research to the respondents for Collection of data. While designing questionnaire researcher need to consider various aspects such as what type of information is needed, what type of technique will be used for conducting the research and he also need to take care regarding proper wording and sequence of the questions.

VI] Collection of data :

The researchers need to collect all relevant information in respect of his research problem as per Research Design through various sources. He can use primary data and secondary data for purpose of research. While collecting data researcher need to consider that information collected is up-to-date and free from any bias. the information must be complete in all aspects and the information must be relevant to the research problem.

VII] Processing and analysing data :

The researcher collects data from primary as well as secondary sources however the data collected is in raw form and it needs to be processed for further analysis. Processing of data in hall editing, coding, classification, and tabulation of data. Editing of data refers to removing unwanted and irrelevant information it is necessary to check errors and omissions in data collection. coding refers to assigning different codes to the collected data which helps in further processing of the information classification of data refers to grouping of data under different categories and tabulation of data involves transferring all classified data into tabular form tabulation of data helps in analysis and interpretation of data. Once data is organised the researcher needs to analyse the data. Analysis of data is very crucial as it tries to establish relationship between information and research problem. Once that relationship is established interpretation of data and finding out logical conclusions of study is possible.

VII] Hypothesis Testing :

Once analysis and interpretation of data is over the researcher must test hypothesis. hypothesis testing is necessary because researcher need to confirm whether the finding of the research supports the hypothesis or provides a contrary picture. Researcher may apply various tests such as Chi-square test, F-test, t-test for testing the hypothesis. Once hypothesis is tested its result will either lead its acceptance or its rejection.

IX] Preparation of Research Report :

The researcher must prepare a research report which includes all the findings and conclusions of his study. The report can be divided into three parts.

1. Preliminary Content. :

This includes preface, table of contents and all other related authorisations and declarations in respect of the Research report.

2. Main body - This includes introduction, literature review, research methodology, data analysis, conclusion and recommendations.

3. Appendix –

this will include all the annexure bibliography and other supportive documents related to the research.

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